Upaya Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Menangani Kasus Perdagangan Orang: Studi Kasus Pengantin Pesanan (Mail-Order Brides) Indonesia–China
Abstract
This article examines the extent to which the Indonesian government has made efforts in handling the Mail-Order Brides (MOB) Indonesia–China as part of trafficking in persons. Indonesia has been a country of origin, transit, and destination for victims over the years, thereby making this topic crucial. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive analysis, whilst data collection techniques were library research and online research. This article found that the Indonesian government had been effective in solving the MOB cases. The efforts, undertaken by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Directorate General of Immigration, and the Chinese Embassy in Jakarta, had contributed significantly to the case study–where nearly 80% of the total cases reported between 2015 and 2019 were successfully resolved. In so doing, the Indonesian government also faced challenges; one of which was the lack of cooperation from the Chinese government– differences in views in the MOB cases. The results of this study include recommendations for public awareness campaigns for MOB, integration of transnational crime subjects in the education curriculum, and so forth.                      Â
KEYWORDS
China; Indonesia; Mail-Order Brides; TraffickingDownloads
References
Bahan Paparan Ditjen Imigrasi, Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. (2019).
Bahan Paparan Dit PWNI BHI dalam GT TPPO (Gugus Tugas Pencegahan dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang). (2019).
Bareskrim POLRI. (2019). Bahan PPT Bareskrim POLRI 'Identifikasi Modus Perkawinan dalam TPPO.'
Directorate-General for Internal Policies. (2016). International Marriage Brokers and Mail Order Brides. Analysing the need for regulation. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/571377/IPOL_STU(2016)571377_EN.pdf
Edwards, A., & Gill, P. (2003). Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on Global Security. Routledge.
Gukguk, R. G. R., & Jaya, N. S. P. (2019). Tindak Pidana Narkotika Sebagai Transnasional Organized Crime. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 1(3), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i3.337-351
Kaledioskop Direktorat Perlindungan WNI (Warga Negara Indonesia). (2019).
Kemenlu. (14 September 2019a). Kementerian Luar Negeri Kembali Pulangkan WNI yang Menjadi Korban Pengantin Pesanan ke Indonesia dari Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT). https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/592/view/kementerian-luar-negeri-kembali-pulangkan-wni-yang-menjadi-korban-pengantin-pesanan-ke-indonesia-dari-republik-rakyat-tiongkok-rrt
Kemenlu. (31 Juli 2019b). Menlu RI Dorong Penyelesaian Permasalahan Pengantin Pesanan dengan RRT. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/498/berita/menlu-ri-dorong-penyelesaian-permasalahan-pengantin-pesanan-dengan-rrt
Kemenlu. (25 Juli 2019c). Menlu Retno: Langkah Pencegahan yang Efektif Diperlukan Dalam Penanganan Mail-Order Bride. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/488/view/menlu-retno-langkah-pencegahan-yang-efektif-diperlukan-dalam-penanganan-mail-order-bride
Laporan Dit PWNI & BHI Kemenlu RI (Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia (2020).
Laporan Dit. Perlindungan WNI (Warga Negara Indonesia). (2020).
Lessy, Z. (2006). Pengantin Pesanan Pos (Mail Order Bride): Modus Operandi Human Trafficking di Indonesia. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 4(3), 337–358. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2006.43.337-358
Madsen, F. (2009). Transnational Organized Crime. Routledge.
Meng, E. (1994). Mail-Order Brides: Gilded Prostitution and the legal Response. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 28(1), 197–248.
Menteri PP & PA. (2016). Pencegahan dan Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (GT- TPPO). Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/9586d-januari-rakor-tpppo-2016.pdf
OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ProtocolTraffickingInPersons.aspx
Trang, N. (30 Juli 2014). “Marriage Migration†Significant Factor in Trafficking in Vietnam: IOM. UN Mgration. https://www.iom.int/news/marriage-migration-significant-factor-trafficking-viet-nam-iom
Tuasikal, R. (24 Juni 2019). 29 WNI Diduga Korban “Pengantin Pesanan†di China. VOA Indonesia. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/wni-diduga-korban-pengantin-pesanan-di-china/4971075.html
U.S Department of State. (2020). Trafficking in Persons Report: Indonesia. https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/indonesia/
Undang–Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian.
Undang–Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 tahun 2009 Tentang Pengesahan Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children.
Wagley, J. R. (2006). Transnational Organized Crime: Principal Threats and U.S. Responses. CRS Report for Congress.