Struktur Komunitas Bentik di Area Terumbu Karang Buatan Pulau Karya, Kepulauan Seribu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31957/acr.v6i1.2990Abstract
Coral reef conservation can be conducted by creating artificial coral reefs as was done on Karya Island. Monitoring and evaluation afterwards is needed. This study aims to determine the benthic community structure in the concrete module area, Karya Island artificial reef after 15 years of coral transplantation. Data collection was carried out using the photo transect method on line transects (50 m) in 3 stations. The transect images taken were then processed using CPCe. The condition of the coral reefs at the study site was in the bad category with a percentage of live hard coral cover of 13.39 ± 4.62%. The highest to lowest percent cover respectively were DCA (51.67 ± 6.60%), SP (15.50 ± 7.93%), FS (14.72 ± 5.98%), HC ( 13.39 ± 4.62%), SC (4.05 ± 2.76%), and OT (0.67 ± 0.35%). Benthic community diversity in St. 1 (H'=1.59) and St. 3 (H'=1.52) is moderate, while St.2 has low diversity (H'=0.84). The benthic community at St.1 and St.3 is classified as stable with a uniformity value of 0.72 and 0.78 respectively. However, St.2 has an unstable community (E=0.40). Dominance appears in St. 2 (C=0.66) due to high abundance of Padina sp. is much higher than other species.
Downloads
References
Aerts, L. 1998. Sponge/coral interactions in Caribbean reefs: Analysis of overgrowth patterns in relation to species identity and cover. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 175: 241-249.
Ainsworth, T.D., S. F. Heron, J. C. Ortiz, P. J. Mumby, A. Grech, D. Ogawa, C. M. Eakin, W. Leggat. 2016. Climate change disables coral bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef. Science. 352(6283): 338-342.
Box, S.J. and P.J. Mumby. 2007. Effect of macroalgal competition on growth and survival of juvenile Caribbean corals. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 342: 139−149.
Ceccarelli, D.M., Z. Loffler, D. G. Bourne, G. S. Al Moajil-Cole, L. Boström-Einarsson, E. Evans-Illidge, K. Fabricius, B. Glasl, P. Marshall, I. McLeod. et al. 2019. Rehabilitation of coral reefs through removal of macroalgae: state of knowledge and considerations for management and implementation. Restor. Ecol. 26(5): 827-838.
Comeau, S., C. E. Cornwall, T. M. DeCarlo, S. S. Doo, R. C. Carpenter and M. T. McCulloch. 2019. Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not gained by acclimatization. Nat. Clim. Change. 19: 477-483.
Evans, R.D., S.K. Wilson, S.N. Field and J. Moore. 2014. Importance of macroalgal fields as coral reef fish nursery habitat in north-west Australia. Mar. Biol. 161:599–607.
Eyre, B. D., T. Cyronak, P. Drupp, E. H. De Carlo, J. P. Sachs and A. J. Andersson. 2018. Coral reefs will transition to net dissolving before end of century. Science. 359: 908–911.
Fahlevy, K., S. Khodijah, I.A. Nasrullah, R. Fathihatunnisa, B. Subhan, and H. H. Madduppa. 2017. Site and depth influence on reef structure and composition in Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Aceh J. Animal Sci. 2(1): 28-38.
Ferrari, R., M. Gonzalez-Rivero, and P. J. Mumby. 2012. Size matters in competition between corals and macroalgae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 467: 77-88.
Forrester, G.E., K. Taylor, S. Schofield and A. Maynard. 2012. Colony growth of corals transplanted for restoration depends on their site of origin and environmental factors. Mar. Ecol. 34:186–192.
Frias-Torres, S. and C. van de Geer. 2015. Testing animal-assisted cleaning prior to transplantation in coral reef restoration. PeerJ. 3:e1287.
Goyen, S., E.F. Camp, L. Fujise, A. Lloyd, M. R. Nitschke, T. LaJeunensse, T. Kahlke, P. J. Ralph, and D. Suggett. 2019. Mass coral bleaching of P. versipora in Sydney Harbour driven by the 2015–2016 heatwave. Coral Reefs. 38: 815-830.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P. J. Mumby, A. J. Hooten, R. S. Steneck, P. Greenfield, E. Gomez, C. D. Harvell, P. F. Sale, A. J. Edwards, K. Caldeira, N. Knowlton, C. M. Eakin, R. Iglesias-Prieto, N. Muthiga, R. H. Bradbury, et al. 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science. 318: 1737–1742.
Hoey, A.S., E. Howells, J.L. Johansen, J. A. Hobbs, V. Messmer, D. M. McCowan, S. K. Wilson and M. S. Pratchett. 2016. Recent advances in understanding the effects of climate change on coral reefs. Diversity. 8(12): doi:10.3390/d8020012.
Hughes, T.P., M.J. Rodrigues, D.R. Bellwood, D. Ceccerelli, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, et al. 2007. Phase shifts, herbivory and the resilience of coral reefs to climate change. Curr. Biol. 17: 360–365.
Hughes, T. P., K.D. Anderson, S. R. Connolly, S. F. Heron, J. T. Kerry, J. M. Lough, A. H. Baird, J. K. Baum, M. L. Berumen, T. C. Bridge, et al. 2018. Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science 359: 80–83.
Saptarini, D., Mukhtasor and I.F.M. Rumengan. 2017. Short Communication: Coral reef lifeform variation around power plant activity: Case study on coastal area of Paiton Power Plant, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 18(1): 116-120.
Thompson, D. M. and R. van Woesik. 2009. Corals escape bleaching in regions that recently and historically experienced frequent thermal stress. Proc. Biol. Sci. 276: 2893–2901.
Kinsey, D.W. 1979. Effects of elevated nitrogen and phosphorus on coral reef growth. Limnol.Oceanogr. 24(5): 935-940.
Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecologycal methodology. Wm. C. Brown Publisher. Dubuque.
Kroeker, K. J., R. L Kordas, R. Crim, I. E. Hendriks, L. Ramajo, G. S. Singh, C. M. Duarte, and J. Gattuso. 2013. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming. Glob. Change Biol. 19: 1884–1896.
Kusnanto. 2015. Struktur komunitas ikan pada ekosistem terumbu buatan di perairan Pulau Karya dan Pulau Harapan, Kabupaten Administrasi Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. [Skripsi]. Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Bogor.
López-Victoria, M., S. Zea and E. Weil. 2006. Competition for space between encrusting excavating Caribbean sponges and other coral reef organisms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 312, 113–121
Ludwig, J.A. and J.F. Reynold. 1988. Statistical ecology, a primer on methods and computing. Jhon Wiley & Son. Toronto.
Muhsoni, F.F., M. Syarif, and M. Effendi. 2011. Inventarisasi data potensi sumberdaya wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Sumenep. Jurnal Kelautan. 4(1): 96-101.
Munasik and R.M. Siringoringo. 2011. Struktur komunitas Scleractinia di Perairan Marabatuan dan Matasirih, Kalimantan Selatan. IJMS. 16(1): 49-58.
Nybakken, J.W. 1988. Marine biology and ecologycal approach. PT Gramedia. Jakarta.
Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamental of ecology. W.B. Sounders Co. London.
Paddack, M.J., J.D. Reynolds, C. Aguilar, R. S. Appeldoorn, J. Beets, E. W. Burkett, P. M. Chittaro, K. Clarke, R. Esteves, A. C. Fonseca, G. E. Forrester, A. M. Friedlander, et al. 2009. Recent region-wide declines in Caribbean reef fish abundance. Curr. Biol. 19(7): 590-595.
Radulovich, R., S. Umanzor, R. Cabrera and R. Mata. 2015. Tropical seaweed forhuman food, their cultivation and its effect on biodiversity enrichment. Aquaculture. 436:40–46.
Rützler, K. 2002. Impact of crustose clionid sponges on Caribbean reef corals. ActaGeol. Hisp. 37: 61–72.
Shaish, L., G. Levy, G. Katzir and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Coral reef restoration (Bolinao, Philippines) in the face of frequent natural catastrophes. Restor. Ecol. 18:285–299.
Streit R.P., A.S. Hoey and D.R. Bellwood. 2015. Feeding characteristics reveal functional distinctions among browsing herbivorous fishes on coral reefs. Coral Reefs. 34:1037–1047.
Sully, S., D.E. Burkepile, M.K. Donovan, G. Hodgson, and R. van Woesik. 2019. A global analysis of coral bleaching over the past two decades. Nat. Commun. 10 (1264): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09238-2
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial
publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive
distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository
or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. - Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or
on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges,
as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).