Identifikasi Molekular Kekerabatan Genetik Kopi Wamena Berbasis Marka Random Amplified of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1322Abstract
Baliem Coffee or Wamena Arabica Coffee is classified as a specialty coffee that has a distinctive aroma and taste as one of the world's best coffees. Wamena coffee has a high commercial value, there are many advantages of Wamena coffee. Growing on a variety of soil types, elevation, coffee variety, and durable. The quality of Wamena coffee must be maintained by the local government. However, this elite coffee germplasm is threatened with extinction and is in a dangerous situation due to habitat destruction due to forest clearing, land use change and the potential for competition with various disease-resistant varieties. This study aims to identify molecularly the genetic relationship of Wamena Arabica coffee in Jayawijaya district with the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers as molecular markers. The stages in this study were sample collection, morphological observations, genomic DNA extracted using the CTAB method, gene amplification process using PCR-RAPD molecular markers with ten primers, measurement of DNA concentration using a spectrophotometer, and data analysis using UPGMA NTSYS version 2.1. The electroferogram results showed that pRAPD1, pRAPD2 and pRAPD5 primers produced a band pattern with high polymorphism as well as indicating the genetic diversity of the Coffea arabica L. arabica coffee samples tested. Based on the dendogram construction analysis, the arabica coffee sample Coffea arabica L. which was tested on 5 coffee genotypes, obtained 2 coffee groups, namely Group 1 consisting of one variety, namely sample (V) Arabica Typica from the Assolokobal area. Group 2 with four varieties, namely samples (I) Arabica Catimor, (II) USDA, (III) Arabica PM 88, and (IV) Arabica Linies 795, from Wollo. Phylogenetic tree construction resulted in a similarity coefficient of 83%, indicating the high relationship between Arabica coffee populations. The results of this study have obtained a genetic fingerprint profile of wamena specialty arabica coffee, namely its genetic relationship. The superiority of the genetic composition of Wamena coffee in Jayawijaya district in the future has the potential to be derived through much more advanced molecular technology.
Downloads
References
AEKI, 2018. Asosiasi Eksportir dan Industri Kopi Indonesia. (http://www.aeki-aice.org/). Diakses 17 September 2020).
Aga. 2005. Molecular genetic diversity study of forest coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) populations in Ethiopia: implications for conservation and breeding. [Doctoral Thesis]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Alnarp. Sweden.
Coffeeland Indonesia. 2020. Arabika Wamena, mengenal kopi daerah ujung timur indonesia. (https://coffeeland.co.id/arabika-wamena-mengenal-kopi-daerah-ujung-timur-indonesia/). Diakses 17 September 2020
Erlich HA (ed). 1989. PCR Technology: principles and applications for dna amplification. Stockton Press: New York.
George MLC, E. Regalado, Li W, M. Cao, M. Dahlan, M. Pabendon, M.L. Warburton, X. Xianchun, and D. Hoisington. 2004. Molecular characterization of asian maize inbred lines by multiple laboratories. Theor Appl Genet. 109: 80-91.
Hayford, A.E., A. Petersen, F. Vogensen, and M. Jakobsen. 1999. Use of conserved randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments and rapd pattern for characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum in ghanaian fermented maize dough. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65: 3213–3221.
Hue, T.T.M. 2005. Genetic Variation In Cultivated Coffea (Coffea arabica L) Accessions New South Wales. Australia.
International Coffee Organization. 2018. Coffee Market Report Agustus 2020. (http://www.ico.org). Diakses 17 September 2020.
Khan, I.A., F.S. Awan, A. Ahmad, and A.A. Khan. 2004. A modified mini-prep method for economical and rapid extraction of genomic DNA in plants. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 22: 89a-89e.
Lashermes, P., M.C. Combes, J. Cros, P. Trouslot, F. Anthony, and A. Charrier. 2011. Origin and genetik diversity of Coffea arabica L. based on DNA molecular markers. Asic Colleque Kyoto. 6: 528–537.
Lee M. 1995. DNA markers and plant breeding programs. Agronomy. 55: 265-344.
Mawardi, A., dan M.L. Simonapendi. 2016. Uji efektivitas metode isolasi DNA genom kopi arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) asal kabupaten Jayawijaya. Jurnal Biologi Papua. 8(1): 7-12.
Qosim, W.A., R. Poerwanto, G.A Wattimena, dan Witjaksono. 2007. Deteksi molekular mutan manggis in vitro dengan marka RAPD. Zuriat. 18(2):12-20
Rohlf, F.J. 2000. NTSYS pc numerical taxonomy and multivariated analysis system version 2.2. Applied Biostatistic Inc.
Sousa, T.V., E.T. Caixeta, E.R. Alkimim, A.C.B de Oliveira, A.A. Pereira, L. Zambolim, and N.S. Sakiyama. 2017. Molecular markers useful to discriminate Coffea arabica cultivars with high genetic similarity. Euphytica. 213(75): 1-15.
Specialty Coffee Association Of Indonesia (SCAI), 2020. Indonesia dorong ekspor kopi spesialti ke Belanda dan Eropa. (https://scai.or.id/). Diakses 17 September 2020).
Thieman, W.J., and A.P. Michael. 2013. Introduction to Biotechnology. Pearson. New York, USA.
