Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dari Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) Asal Kabupaten Merauke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31957/jbp.41Abstract
Sarang semut (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) is a famous medicinal plant of Papua, which has traditionally potential in treating a wide variety of mild and severe illnesses, such as cancers and tumors, gout, coronary heart disease, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, migraines, rheumatism, and leukemia. The purposes of this study were to determine the content of the active compound group and the cytotoxic activity of sarang semut plants from Merauke Region. The extraction was done by maceration using 96 % ethanol. The concentration of ethanolic extract were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ppm. The results of the study showed that the cytotoxic activity determine using BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method have a high cytotoxic activity with LC50 values of 22.86 ppm and containing the active compound namely flavonoids, tannins and saponins separately. The ethanolic extract of tuber of sarang semut (M. beccarii) has a high cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salina Leach according BSLT method.Â
Key words: Active compound, M. beccarii, cytotoxic activity, Merauke.
Downloads
References
Bustanussalam. 2010. Penentuan struktur molekul dari fraksi air tumbuhan “sarang semut†Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry yang mempunyai aktivitas sitotoksik dan antioksidan. [Tesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Cahyadi, R. 2009. Uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). [Skripsi]. Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Dirgantara, S., A. Nawawi dan M. Insanu. 2013. Uji aktivitas antioksidan tiga spesies tanaman sarang semut (Famili: Rubiaceae) asal Kabupaten Merauke, Papua. J. Biol. Papua. 5(1):10-16.
Doyle, A. and J.B. Griffiths. 2000. Cell and tissue culture for medicinal research. John Willey and Sons. New York.
Ernawati dan H. Susanti. 2014. Penghambatan aktivitas xanthine oxidase oleh ekstrak etanol sarang semut (Myrmecodia tuberosa (non Jack) Bl.) secara in vitro. J. Pharmaçiana. 4(1): 15–22.
Frengki, Roslizawaty dan D. Pertiwi. 2014. Uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol sarang semut lokal Aceh (Mymercodia sp.) dengan metode BSLT terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach. J. Medika Veterinaria. 8(1): 60–62.
Geran, R.I., N.H. Greenberg, M.M. MacDonald, A.M. Schumacher and B.J. Abbott. 1992. Protocol for screening chemical agents and natural product against animal tumors and Other Biological System. Cancer Chemother. 3: 59–61.
Harborne, J.B. 1987. Metode fitokimia: Penuntun cara modern menganalisis tumbuhan. Penerjemah K. Padmawinata & I. Sudiro. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.
Hertiani, T., E. Sasmito, Sumardi and M. Ulfah. 2010. Preliminary study on immunomodulatory effect of sarang semut tubers Myrmecodia tuberosa and Myrmecodia pendens. OnLine J. Biol. Sci. 10: 136-141.
Meyer, B.N., N.R. Ferigni, J.E. Putnam, L.B. Jaconsen, D.F. Nichols, and J.L. McLaughlin. 1982. Brine shrimp a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica. 45: 31–34.
Middelton, E., C. Kandaswami and T.C. Theoharides. 2000. The effect of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacological Review. 52(4): 673–751.
Rachman, A.A. 2006. Senyawa aktif bersarang di sarang semut. Majalah Natural. 18-19.
Raineri, R., J.A. Poiley, R.J. Pienta and A.W. Andrews. 1981. Metabolic activation of carcinogens in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay by hamster and rat liver S-9 preparations. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 3(1): 71–84.
Rang, L.Y., A. Camerlengo, A.K.A. Wahab, and N. Mokhtar. 2003. Interannual variability of certain meteorological parameters in East Malaysia. Part II. J. Science International. 15(2): 147–150.
Rita, W.S. 2008. Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antitumor pada daging buah pare (Momordica charantia L). J. Kimia. 2(2): 6–11.
Robinson, T. 1991. Kandungan organik tumbuhan tinggi. (Penerjemah: K. Padmawinata). ITB, Bandung.
Sharma, V. and R. Paliwal. 2013. Isolation and characterization of saponins from Moringa Oleifera (Moringaeceae) Pods. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(1): 179-183.
Shashi, B.M. and K.N. Ashoke. 1991. Tripenoid saponins discovered between 1987 and 1989. Phytochemistry. 30(5): 1357-1385.
Soeksmanto, A., M.A. Subroto, H. Wijaya and P. Simanjuntak. 2010. Anticancer activity for extracts of sarang semut plant (Myrmecodia pendens) to HeLa and MCM-B2 Cells. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 13: 148-151.
Soeksmanto, A., P. Simanjuntak dan M.A. Subroto. 2009. Uji toksisitas akut ekstrak air sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) terhadap histologi organ hati mencit. J. Nature Indonesia. 12(2): 152–155.
Sorgeloos, P., C. Remiche and G. Persoone. 1978. The use of Artemia salina Leach for toxicity tests. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2: 249-255.
Subroto, M.A. dan H. Saputro. 2006. Gempur penyakit dengan sarang semut. Penerbit Swadaya, Jakarta.
